Publications

• Howarth,R, D Swaney, G Billen, J Garnier, B Hong, C Humborg, P Johnes, CM Mörth, and R Marino. 2011. Nitrogen fluxes from the landscape are controlled by net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and by climate. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment , DOI: 10.1890/100178
• Howarth, R. W., R. Santoro, and A. Ingraffea. 2011. Methane and the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas from shale formations. Climatic Change Letters, DOI: 10.1007/s10584-011-0061-5
• Santoro, R.L., R.W. Howarth, and A. Ingraffea. 2011. Indirect Emissions of Carbon Dioxide from Marcellus Shale Gas Development. A Technical Report from the Agriculture, Energy, and Environment Program at Cornell University. 30 June 2011.
• Howarth, R., W., G. Billen, F. Chan, D. Conley, S. C. Doney, J. Garnier, and R. Marino.  2011.  Coupled biogeochemical cycles:  Eutrophication and hypoxia in coastal marine ecosystems.  Frontiers in Ecology ,amp; Environment  9:  18-26;  doi: 10.1890/100008
• Howarth, R. W., D. Swaney, G. Billen, J. Garnier, B. Hong, C. Humborg, P. Johnes, C. Morth, and R. Marino.  2011. Nitrogen fluxes from large watershed to coastal ecosystems controlled by net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and climate.  Frontiers in Ecology ,amp; Environment, in press.
• Billen, G., M. Silvestre, B. Grizzetti, A. Leip, J. Garnier, M. Voss, R. Howarth, F. Bouraoui, H. Behrendt, A. Lepisto, P. Kortelainen, P. Johnes, C. Curtis, C. Humborg, E. Smedberg, O. Kaste, R. Ganeshram, A. Beusen, ,amp; C. Lancelot.  2010.  Nitrogen flows from European regional watersheds to coastal marine waters.  Chapter 13, European Nitrogen Assessment.  Cambridge University Press
• Grizzetti, B., F. Bouraoui, G. Billen, H. van Grinsven, A. Cardoso, V. Thieu, J. Garnier, C. Curtis, R. Howarth, and P. Jones.  2010.  Nitrogen as a threat to European water quality.  Chapter 17, European Nitrogen Assessment.  Cambridge University Press
• Hong, B., D. Swaney, and R. W. Howarth.  2010.  A toolbox for calculating net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs (NANI).  Environmental Modelling , Software Volume 26, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 623-633.
• Townsend, A. ,amp; R. W. Howarth.  2010.  Human acceleration of the global nitrogen cycle. Scientific American  302 (1):  32-39
• Howarth, R. W.  2010.  Solutions to environmental challenges:  Nitrogen cycle. Scientific American  302 (#4, April 2010):  38.
• Johnson, P. T. J., A. R. Townsend, C. C. Cleveland, P. M. Glibert, R. W. Howarth, V. J. McKenzie, E. Rejmankova, and M. H. Ward.  2010.  Linking environmental nutrient enrichment and disease emergence in humans and wildlife. Ecological Applications  20:  16-29.
• Howarth, R. W.  2010.  Celebrating 100 volumes.  Biogeochemistry  100:  1-2.
• Najjar, R., C. R. Pyke, M. B. Adams, D. Breitburg, C. Hershner, M. Kemp, R. Howarth, M. R. Mulholand, M. Paolisso, D. Secor, K. Sellner, D. Wardrop and R. Wood.  2010.  Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay.  Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science  86: 1-20.
• Dale, V. H., C. L. Kling, J. L. Meyer, J. Sanders, H. Stallworth, T. Armitage, D. Wangsness, T. Bianchi, A. Blumber, W. Boynton, D. J. Conley, W. Crumpton, M. David, D. Gilbert, R. W. Howarth, R. Lowrance, K. Mankin, J. Opaluch, H. Paerl, K. Reckhow, A. N. Sharpley, T. W. Simpson, C. S. Snyder, and D. Wright.  2010.  Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico.  284 pages.  Springer.
• Davidson, E. A., K. E. Savage, N. D. Bettez, R. Marino, and R. W. Howarth.  2010.  Nitrogen in runoff from residential roads in a coastal area.  Water Air Soil. Pollut.  210:  3-13.
• Howarth, R. W. 2010. Solutions to environmental challenges:,nbsp; Nitrogen cycle. Scientific American,nbsp; 302 (#4, April 2010): 38
• Townsend, A. , R. W. Howarth. 2010. Human acceleration of the global nitrogen cycle. Scientific American 302 (#2, February 2010): 32-39
• Najjar, R., C. R. Pyke, M. B. Adams, D. Breitburg, C. Hershner, M. Kemp, R. Howarth, M. R. Mulholand, M. Paolisso, D. Secor, K. Sellner, D. Wardrop and R. Wood. 2009. Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay. Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science
• Johnson, P. T. J., A. R. Townsend, C. C. Cleveland, P. M. Glibert, R. W. Howarth, V. J. McKenize, E. Rejmankova, and M. H. Ward. 2009. Linking environmental nutrient enrichment and disease emergence in humans and wildlife. Ecological Applications,
• Davidson, E. A., K. E. Savage, N. Bettez, R. Marino, and R. W. Howarth. 2009. Nitrogen runoff from residential roads in a coastal area. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
• Billen, G., M. Silvestre, B. Grizzetti, A. Leip, J. Garnier, M. Voss, R. Howarth, F. Bouraoui, H. Behrendt, A. Lepisto, P. Kortelainen, P. Johnes, C. Curtis, C. Humborg, E. Smedberg, O. Kaste, R. Ganeshram, A. Beusen, , C. Lancelot. 2009. Nitrogen flows from European regional watersheds to coastal marine waters. Chapter 13, European Nitrogen Assessment. Cambridge University Press.
• Grizzetti, B., F. Bouraoui, G. Billen, H. van Grinsven, A. Cardoso, V. Thieu, J. Garnier, C. Curtis, R. Howarth, and P. Jones. 2009. Nitrogen as a threat to European water quality. Chapter 17, European Nitrogen Assessment. Cambridge University Press.
• Conley, D. J, H. W. Paerl, R. W. Howarth, D. F. Boesch, S. P. Seitzinger, K. E. Havens, C. Lancelot, , G. E. Likens. 2009. Controlling eutrophication: Nitrogen and phosphorus. Science 323: 1014-1015.
• Conley, D. J, H. W. Paerl, R. W. Howarth, D. F. Boesch, S. P. Seitzinger, K. E. Havens, C. Lancelot, , G. E. Likens. 2009. Reply to comments on “controlling eutrophication: nitrogen and phosphorus.” Science 324: 724-725.
• Boesch, D., W. Boynton, L. Crowder, R. Diaz, R. Howarth, L. Mee, S. Nixon, N. Rabalais, R. Rosenberg, J. Sanders, D. Scavia, and R. Turner. 2009. Nutrient enrichment drives Gulf of Mexico hypoxia. Eos 90: 117-128.
• Bringezu, S., H. Schutz, M. O’Brien, L. Kauppi, R. Howarth, and J. McNeely. 2009. Towards Sustainable Production and Use of Resources: Assessing Biofuels. International Panel for Sustainable Resource Management, United Nations Environment Program, Paris, France (http://www.unep.fr/scp/rpanel/biofuels.htm).
• Howarth, R. W., and S. Bringezu (eds). 2009. Biofuels: Environmental Consequences and Interactions with Changing Land Use. Proceedings of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) International Biofuels Project Rapid Assessment, 22-25 September 2008, Gummersbach Germany. Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA. (http://cip.cornell.edu/biofuels/)
• Howarth, R.W., S. Bringezu, M. Bekunda, C. de Fraiture, L. Maene, L. Martinelli, O. Sala. 2009. Rapid assessment on biofuels and environment: Overview and key findings. Pages 1-13 in R.W. Howarth and S. Bringezu (eds), Biofuels: Environmental Consequences and Interactions with Changing Land Use. Proceedings of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) International Biofuels Project Rapid Assessment, 22-25 September 2008, Gummersbach Germany. Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA. (http://cip.cornell.edu/biofuels/)
• Howarth, R.W., S. Bringezu, L.A. Martinelli, R. Santoro, D. Messem, O.E. Sala. 2009. Introduction: biofuels and the environment in the 21st century. Pages 15- 36, in R.W. Howarth and S. Bringezu (eds) Biofuels: Environmental Consequences and Interactions with Changing Land Use. Proceedings of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) International Biofuels Project Rapid Assessment, 22-25 September 2008, Gummersbach Germany. Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA. (http://cip.cornell.edu/biofuels/)
• Simpson, T.W., L.A. Martinelli, A.N. Sharpley, R.W. Howarth. 2009. Impact of ethanol production on nutrient cycles and water quality: the United States and Brazil as case studies. Pages 153-167 in R.W. Howarth and S. Bringezu (eds) Biofuels: Environmental Consequences and Interactions with Changing Land Use. Proceedings of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) International Biofuels Project Rapid Assessment, 22-25 September 2008, Gummersbach Germany. Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA. (http://cip.cornell.edu/biofuels/)
• Howarth R. 2009. Nitrogen. Page 57-64 in Gene E. Likens (ed.), Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, Volume 2. Elsevier, Oxford.
• Marino, R. , R. W. Howarth. 2009. Nitrogen fixation. Pages 65-72 in G. E. Likens (ed.), Encyclopedia of Inland Waters. Elsevier, Oxford.
• Townsend, A. R., L. A. Martinelli, , R. W. Howarth. 2009. The global nitrogen cycle, biodiversity, and human health. Pages 159-178 in O. E. Sala, L. A Meyerson, , C. Parmeson. Biodiveristy Change and Human Health. SCOPE #69. Island Press, Washington, DC.
• Entringer, R., and R. Howarth. 2009. Workshop on Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen - Chesapeake Bay Program Science and Technical Advisory Committee. January 8, 2009. STAC Publication 09-001. (http://www.chesapeake.org/stac/Pubs/atmosphericnitrogen.report.pdf).
• Howarth, R. W. , H. Paerl. 2008. Coastal marine eutrophication: Control of both nitrogen and phosphorus is necessary. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences 105: E104.
• Howarth, R. W. 2008. Coastal nitrogen pollution: A review of sources and trends globally and regionally. Harmful Algae 8: 14-20.
• Boyer, E. W., and R. W. Howarth. 2008. Nitrogen fluxes from rivers to the coastal oceans. Pages 1565-1587 in D. Capone, D. A. Bronk, M. R. Mulholland , E. J. Carpenter (eds.), Nitrogen in the Marine Environment, 2nd Edition, Elsevier, Oxford.
• Swaney, D. P., D. Scavia, R. W. Howarth, , R. M. Marino. 2008. Estuarine classification and response to nitrogen loading: Insights from simple ecological models. Estuarine, Coastal , Shelf Science 77: 253-263.
• Simpson, T. W., A. N. Sharpley, R. W. Howarth, H. W. Paerl , K. R. Mankin. 2008. The new gold rush: Fueling ethanol production while protecting water quality. Journal of Environmental Quality 37: 318-324.
• Glibert, P.A., R. Azanza, M. Burford, K. Furuya, E. Abal, A. Al-Azri, F. Al-Yamani, P. Andersen, D. Anderson, J. Beardall, G. M. Berg, L. Brand, D. Bronk, J. Brookes, J. M. Burkholder, A. Cembella, W. P. Cochlan, J. L. Collier, Y. Collos, R. Diaz, R. Doblin, T. Drennen, S. Dyhrman, Y. Fukuyo, M. Furnas, J. Galloway, E. Granéli, Dao Viet Ha, G. Hallegraeff, J. Harrison, P. J. Harrison, C. A. Heil, K. Heimann, R. Howarth, C. Jauzein, A. Kana, T. M. Kana, H. Kim, R. Kudela, C. Legrand, M. Mallin, M. Mulholland, S. Murray, J. O’Neil, G. Pitcher, Yuzao Qi, N. Rabalais, R. Raine, S. Seitzinger, P. S. Salomon, C. Solomon, D. K. Stoecker, G. Usup, J. Wilson, Kedong Yin, Mingjiang Zhou , Mingyuan Zhu. 2008. Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56: 1049-1056.
• Pyke, C. R., R. G. Najjar, M. B. Adams, D. Breitburg, M. Kemp, C. Hershner, R. Howarth, M. Mulholland, M. Paolisso, D. Secor, K. Sellner, D. Wardrop, and R. Wood. 2008. Climate change and the Chesapeake Bay: State-of-the-science review and recommendations. A report of the Chesapeake Bay Progam Sicence and Technical Advisory Committee (STAC), Annapolis, MD. 59 pages.
• Howarth, R. W. 2008. How important is atmospheric deposition as a source of nitrogen to coastal marine ecosystems in the northeastern United States? Pages 47-65 in A. Desbonnet and B. A Cost-Pierce (eds.), Science of Ecosystem-Based Management. Springer, NY.
• Davidson, E. , R. W. Howarth. 2007. Nutrients in synergy. Nature 449: 1000-1001.
• Gettel, G. M., A. E. Giblin, , R. W. Howarth. 2007. The effect of grazing by the snail, Lymnae elodes, on benthic N2 fixation and primary production in oligotrophic, Arctic lakes. Limnology , Oceanography 52: 2398-2409.
• Hambright, D., N. G. Hairston, Jr., W. R. Schaffner, , R. W. Howarth. 2007. Grazer control of nitrogen fixation: Synergisms in the feeding ecology of two freshwater crustaceans. Fundamental and Applied Limnology/Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 170: 89-101.
• Hambright, D., N. G. Hairston, Jr., W. R. Schaffner, , R. W. Howarth. 2007. Grazer control of nitrogen fixation: Phytoplankton taxonomic composition and ecosystem functioning. Fundamental and Applied Limnology/Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 170: 103-124.
• Turner, R. E., N. N. Rabalais, R. B. Alexander, G. McIsaac, , R. W. Howarth. 2007. Characterization of nutrient and organic matter loads from the Mississippi River into the northern Gulf of Mexico. Estuaries and Coasts 30: 773-790.
• Howarth, R. W. , R. Marino. 2006. Nitrogen as the limiting nutrient for eutrophication in coastal marine ecosystems: Evolving views over 3 decades. Limnol. Oceanogr. 51: 364-376.
• Martinelli, L. , R. W. Howarth (eds.). 2006. Nitrogen Cycling in the Americas: Natural and Anthropogenic Influences and Controls. Springer, Dordrecht. 427 pages.
• Howarth, R. W., E. W. Boyer, R. Marino, D. Swaney, N. Jaworski, , C. Goodale. 2006. The influence of climate on average nitrogen export from large watersheds in the northeastern United States. Biogeochemistry 79: 163-186.
• Chapin, F. S. III, G.M Woodwell, J. Randerson, G. Lovett, D. Baldocchi, D. A. Clark, M.E. Harmon, E. Rastetter, D. Schimel, R. Valentini, C. Wirth, J. Cole, M. Goulden, J. Harden, M. Heimann, R. Howarth, P. Matson, A.D. McGuire, J. Melillo, H. Mooney, J. Neff, R. Houghton, M. Pace, M.G. Ryan, S. Running, O. Sala, W. Schlesinger , D. Schulze. 2006. Reconciling carbon cycle concepts, terminology, and methods. Ecosystems 9: 1041-1050.
• Martinelli, L. A, R. W. Howarth, E. Cuevas, S. Filoso, A. T. Austin, L. Donos, V. Huzsar, D. Keeney, L. L. Lara, C. LLerena, G. McIssac, E. Medina, J. Ortiz-Zaya, D. Scavia, D. W. Schindler, D. Soto , A. Townsend. 2006. Sources of reactive nitrogen affecting ecosystems in Latin America and the Caribbean: Current trends and future perspectives. Biogeochemistry 79: 3-234.
• Filoso, S., L. Martinelli, R. W. Howarth, E. W. Boyer , F. Dentener. 2006. Human activities changing the N cycle in Brazil. Biogeochemistry 79: 61-89.
• Marino, R., F. Chan, R. W. Howarth, M. L. Pace , G. E. Likens. 2006. Experimental tests of ecological constraints on planktonic nitrogen fixation in saline estuaries: 1. Nutrient and trophic controls. Marine Ecology Progress Series 309: 25-39.
• Chan, F., R. Marino, R., R. W. Howarth , M. L. Pace. 2006. Experimental tests of ecological constraints on planktonic nitrogen fixation in saline estuaries: 1. Mechanisms of trophic control. Marine Ecology Progress Series 309: 41-53.
• Joye, S. B., V. H. Smith, R. W. Howarth, R. W. Bachmann, J. E. Cloern, R. E. Hecky, ,amp; D. W. Schindler (editors). 2006. Eutrophication of Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems. Limnol. Oceanogr. (special issue), Vol. 51, number 1, part 2.
• Roberts, B. J. , R. W. Howarth. 2006. Nutrient and light availability regulate the relative contribution of autotrophs and heterotrophs to respiration in freshwater pelagic ecosystems. Limnol. Oceanogr. 51: 288-295.
• Howarth, R. W., R. Marino, D. P. Swaney , E. W. Boyer. 2006. Wastewater and watershed influences on primary productivity and oxygen dynamics in the lower Hudson River estuary. Pages 121-139 in J. S. Levinton , J. R. Waldman (eds.), The Hudson River Estuary, Cambridge Univ. Press.
• Howarth, R. W. 2006. Atmospheric deposition and nitrogen pollution in coastal marine ecosystems. Pages 97-116 in G. R. Visgilio , D. M. Whitelaw (eds.), Acid in the Environment: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects. Springer, NY.
• Boyer, E. W., R. W. Howarth., J. Galloway, F. J. Dentener, P. A. Green , C. A. Vorosmarty. 2006. Riverine nitrogen export from the continents to the coasts. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 20, No. 1, GB1S91, 10.1029/2005GB002537
• Howarth, R. W., K. Ramakrishna, E. Choi, R. Elmgren, L. Martinelli, A. Mendoza, W. Moomaw, C. Palm, R. Boy, M. Scholes , Zhu Zhao-Liang. 2005. Chapter 9: Nutrient Management, Responses Assessment. Pages 295-311 in Ecosystems and Human Well-being, Volume 3, Policy Responses, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Island Press, Washington, DC.
• Howarth, R. W. 2005. The development of policy approaches for reducing nitrogen pollution to coastal waters of the USA. Science in China, Ser. C Life Sciences 48: 791-806
• Boyer, E. W., R. W. Howarth, J. N. Galloway, F. J. Dentener, C. Cleveland, G. P. Asner, P. Greene, and C. Vorosmarty. 2004. Current nitrogen inputs to world regions. Pages 221-230 in A. R. Mosier, J. K. Syers , J. R. Freney (eds.), Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle. SCOPE #65. Island Press, Washington, DC.
• Galloway, J. N., F. J. Dentener, D. G. Capone, E. W. Boyer, R. W. Howarth, S. P. Seitzinger, G. P. Asner, C. Cleveland, P. A. Green, E. Holland, D. M. Karl, A. Michaels, J. H. Porter, A. Townsend , C. Vorosmarty. 2004. Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future. Biogeochemistry 70: 153-226.
• Chan, F. M. Pace, R.W. Howarth , R. Marino. 2004. Bloom formation in heterocystic nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria: The dependence of colony size and zooplankton razing. Limnol. Oceanogr. 49: 2171-2178.
• David, M. B., G. F. McIsaac, R. W. Howarth, C. L. Goodale, , L. E. Drinkwater. 2004. Fertilizer: Complex Issue Calls for Informed Debate. Nature 427: 99.
• Howarth, R. W., R. Marino , D. Scavia. 2003. Priority Topics for Nutrient Pollution in Coastal Waters: An Integrated National Research Program for the United States. National Ocean Service, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD.
• Townsend, A. R., R. Howarth, F. A. Bazzaz, M. S. Booth, C. C. Cleveland, S. K. Collinge, A. P. Dobson, P. R. Epstein, E. A Holland, D. R. Keeney, M. A. Mallin, C. A. Rogers, P. Wayne , A. H. Wolfe. 2003. Human health effects of a changing global nitrogen cycle. Frontiers in Ecology , Environment 1: 240-246.
• Galloway, J. N., J. D. Aber, J. W. Erisman, S. P. Seitzinger, R. H. Howarth, E. B. Cowling , B. J. Cosby. 2003. The nitrogen cascade. BioScience 53: 341-356.
• Marino, R., R. W. Howarth, F. Chan, J. J. Cole , G. E. Likens. 2003. Sulfate inhibition of molybdenum-dependent nitrogen fixation by planktonic cyanobacteria under seawater conditions: a non-reversible effect. Hydrobiologia 500: 277-293.
• Howarth, R. W. 2003. Human acceleration of the nitrogen cycle: Drivers, consequences, and steps towards solutions. Water Science and Technology 49: 7-13.
• Austin, A., R. W. Howarth, J. S. Baron, F. S. Chapin, T. R. Christensen, E. A. Holland, M. V. Ivanov, A. Y. Lein, L. Z. Martinelli, J. M. Melillo, Chao Shang. 2003. Human disruption of element interactions: Drivers, consequences, and trends for the 21st Century. Pages 15-45 in Melillo, J. M., C. B. Field , B. Moldan (eds.), Interactions of the major Biogeochemical Cycles: Global Change and Human Impacts. SCOPE #61. Island Press, Washington, DC.
• Howarth, R. W. 2003. Coastal ecosystems. Pages 65-74 in J. C. White , J. Teninko (eds.), Acid Rain: Are the Problems Solved? American Fisheries Society Trends in Fisheries Science and Management 2, Bethesda, MD.
• Howarth, R. W. , D. M. Rielinger. 2003. Nitrogen from the atmosphere: Understanding and reducing a major cause of degradation of our coastal waters. Science and policy bulletin #8, Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, NOAA.
• Howarth, R. W., E. W. Boyer, W. J. Pabich , J. N. Galloway. 2002. Nitrogen use in the United States from 1961-200 and potential future trends. Ambio 31: 88-96.
• Howarth, R. W., D. Walker , A. Sharpley. 2002. Sources of nitrogen pollution to coastal waters of the United States. Estuaries 25: 656-676.
• Howarth, R. W. 2002. Nutrient over-enrichment of coastal waters in the United States: Steps toward a solution. Pew Oceans Commission, Washington, DC.
• Howarth, R. W. 2002. The nitrogen cycle. Pages 429-435 in H. A. Mooney and J. G. Canadell (eds.), Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change. Vol. 2, the Earth System: Biological and Ecological Dimensions of Global Environmental Change. Wiley, Chichester.
• Marino, R., F. Chan, R. Howarth, M. Pace , G. Likens. 2002. Ecological and biogeochemical interactions constrain planktonic nitrogen fixation in estuaries. Ecosystems 5: 719-725.
• Scavia, D., J. C. Field, Boesch, R. Buddemeier, V. Burkett, D. Cayan, M. Fogarty, M. Harwell, R. W. Howarth, C. Mason, D. J. Reed, T. C. Royer, A. H. Sallenger, J. G. Titus. 2002. Climate change impacts on US coastal and marine ecosystems. Estuaries 25: 149-164.
• Boyer, E. W. , R. W. Howarth (eds,). 2002. Global and Regional Synthesis of the Nitrogen Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht. 519 pages.
• Vitousek, P. M., K. Cassman, C. Cleveland, T. Crews, C. B. Field, N. B. Grimm, R. W. Howarth, R. Marino, L. Martinelli, E. B. Rastetter, J. I. Sprent. 2002. Towards an ecological understanding of biological nitrogen fixation. Biogeochemistry 57, 58: 1-45.
• Van Breemen, N., E. W. Boyer, C. L. Goodale, N. A. Jaworski, K. Paustian, S. Seitzinger, K. Lajtha, B. Mayer, D. van Dam, R. W. Howarth, K. J. Nadelhoffer, M. Eve, G. Billen. 2002. Where did all the nitrogen go? Fate of nitrogen inputs to large watersheds in the northeastern USA. Biogeochemistry 57,58: 267-293.
• Seitzinger, S. P., R. V. Styles, E. W. Boyer, R. Alexander, G. Billen, R. Howarth, B. Mayer, N. van Breemen. 2002. Nitrogen retention in rivers: model development and application to watersheds in the northeastern US. Biogeochemistry 57, 58: 199-237.
• Boyer, E. W., C. L. Goodale, N. A. Jaworski, R. W. Howarth. 2002. Anthropogenic nitrogen sources and relationships to riverine nitrogen export in the northeastern USA. Biogeochemistry 57, 58: 137-169.
• Mayer, B., E. Boyer, C. Goodale, N. Jaworski, N. van Breemen, R. Howarth, S. Seitzinger, G. Billen, K. Lajtha, K. Nadelhoffer, D. van Dam., L. J. Hetling, M. Nosal, K. Paustian. 2002. Sources of nitrate in rivers draining sixteen watersheds in the northeastern US: Isotopic constraints. Biogeochemistry 57, 58: 171-197.
• Barron, S., C. F. Weber, R. Marino, E. A. Davidson, G. Tomasky, and R. W. Howarth. 2002. Effects of varying salinity on phytoplankton growth in a low-salinity coastal pond under two nutrient conditions. Biological Bulletin 203: 260-261.
• Weber, C. F., S. Barron, R. Marino, R. W. Howarth, G. Tomasky, and E. A. Davidson. Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth in Vineyard Sound and Oyster Pond, Falmouth, Massachusetts. Biological Bulletin 203: 261-263.
• Tilman D., J. Fargione, B. Wolff, C. D’Antonio, A. Dobson, R.W. Howarth, D. Schindler, W. Schlesinger, D. Simberloff, D. Swackhamer. 2001. Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change. Science 292: 281-284.
• Howarth, R. W. 2001. Hypoxia, fertilizer, and the Gulf of Mexico. Science 292: 1485-1486.
• Howarth, R. W., D. Anderson, J. Cloern, C. Elfring, C. Hopkinson, B. Lapointe, T. Malone, N. Marcus, K. McGlathery, A. Sharpley, D. Walker. 2000. Nutrient pollution of coastal rivers, bays, and seas. Issues in Ecology 7: 1-15.
• Howarth, R. W., D. Swaney, T. J. Butler , R. Marino. 2000. Climatic control on eutrophication of the Hudson River estuary. Ecosystems 3: 210-215.
• Tartowski, S. and R. W. Howarth. 2000. Nitrogen, nitrogen cycling. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. 4: 377-388.
• Sala, O., R. Jackson, H. Mooney, and R. W. Howarth (eds.). 2000. Methods in Ecosystem Science, Springer, NY. 430 pages.
• Howarth, R.W. , A. F. Michaels. 2000. The measurement of primary production in aquatic ecosystems. Pages 72-85 in: O. Sala, R. Jackson, H. Mooney, and R. W. Howarth (eds.), Methods in Ecosystem Science, Springer, NY.
• Howarth, R. W., N. Jaworski, D. Swaney, A. Townsend , G. Billen. 2000. Some approaches for assessing human influences on fluxes of nitrogen and organic carbon to estuaries. Pages 17-41 in: J. E. Hobbie (ed.), Estuarine Synthesis: The Next Decade. Island Press, Washington, DC.
• Fisher, T. R., D. Correll, R. Costanza, J. T. Hollibaugh, C. S. Hopkinson, R. W. Howarth, N. N. Rabalais, J. E. Richey, C. Vorosmarty , R. Wiegert. 2000. Synthesizing drainage basin inputs to coastal systems. Pages 81-101 in: J. E. Hobbie (ed.), Estuarine Synthesis: The Next Decade. Island Press, Washington, DC.
• Howarth, R. W. 2000. Review of “Estuary restoration and maintenance: the National Estuary Program” Limnology , Oceanography. 45: 1889.
• Howarth, R.W., F. Chan , R. Marino. 1999. Do top-down and bottom-up controls interact to exclude nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria from the plankton of estuaries: explorations with a simulation model. Biogeochemistry 46: 203-231.
• Downing, J. A., M. McClain, R. Twilley, J. M. Melack, J. Elser, N. N. Rabalais, W. M. Lewis, R. E. Turner, J. Corredor, D. Soto, A. Yanez-Arancibia, R. W. Howarth. 1999. The impact of accelerating land-use change on the nitrogen cycle of tropical aquatic ecosystems: Current conditions and projected changes. Biogeochemistry 46: 109-148.
• Corredor, J.E., R. W. Howarth, R. R. Twilley , J. M. Morell. Nitrogen cycling and anthropogenic impact in the tropical inter-American seas. Biogeochemistry 46: 163-178.
• Howarth, R. W. , R. Marino. 1999. Oil spills: Containment and clean-up. Pages 456-458 in D. E. Alexander , R. W. Fairbridge (eds.), Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
• Swaney, D. P., R. W. Howarth , T. J. Butler. 1999. A novel approach for estimating ecosystem production and respiration in estuaries: application to the oligohaline and mesohaline Hudson River estuary. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44: 1509-1521.
• Cleveland, C. C., A. R. Townsend, D. S. Schimel, H. Fisher, R. W. Howarth, L. O. Hedin, S. S. Perakis, E. F. Latty, J. C. von Fischer, A. Elseroad, M. F. Wasson. 1999. Global patterns of terrestrial biological nitrogen (N2) fixation in natural systems. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 13: 623-645.
• Howarth, R. W. , R. Marino. 1998. A mechanistic approach to understanding why so many estuaries and brackish waters are nitrogen limited. In: Effects of Nitrogen in the Aquatic Environment (pages 117-136), KVA Report 1998: 1, Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences), Stockholm.
• Carpenter, S. R., N. F. Caraco, D. L. Correll, R. W. Howarth, A. N. Sharpley , V. H. Smith. 1998. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications 8: 559-568.
• Carpenter, S. R., N. F. Caraco, D. L. Correll, R. W. Howarth, A. N. Sharpley , V. H. Smith. 1998. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Issues in Ecology 3: 1-12.
• Sherman, R. E., T. J. Fahey , R. W. Howarth. 1998. Soil-plant interactions in a neotropical mangrove forest: iron, phosphorous, and sulfur dynamics. Oecologia 115: 553-563.
• Jensen, H. S., K. J. McGlathery, R. Marino , R. W. Howarth. 1998. Forms and availability of sediment phosphorus in carbonate sand of Bermuda seagrass beds. Limnol. Oceanogr. 43: 799-810.
• Howarth, R. W. 1998. An assessment of human influences on inputs of nitrogen to the estuaries and continental shelves of the North Atlantic Ocean. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 52: 213-223.
• Breitburg, D. L., J. Baxter, C. Hatfield, T. W. Howarth, C. G. Jones, G. M. Lovett , C. Wigand. 1998. Understanding effects of multiple stressors: Ideas and challenges. Pages 416-431 in M. Pace and P. Groffman (eds.), Success, Limitations, and Frontiers in Ecosystem Science, Springer, NY.
• Vitousek, P.M., J. Aber, S. E. Bayley, R. W. Howarth, G. E. Likens, P. A. Matson, D. W. Schindler, W. H. Schlesinger , G. D. Tilman. 1997. Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Causes and consequences. Issues in Ecology 1: 1-15.
• Vitousek, P.M., J. Aber, S. E. Bayley, R. W. Howarth, G. E. Likens, P. A. Matson, D. W. Schindler, W. H. Schlesinger , G. D. Tilman. 1997. Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Causes and consequences. Ecological Applications 7: 737-750.
• Jaworksi, N. A., R. W. Howarth , L.J. Hetling. 1997. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen oxides onto the landscape contributes to coastal eutrophication in the northeast US. Environmental Science , Technology 31: 1995-2004.
• Moore, M. H., M. Pace, J. Mather , P. S. Murdoch, R. W. Howarth, C. L. Folt, C. Y. Chen, H. F. Hemond, P. A. Flebbe , C. T. Driscoll. 1997. Potential effects of climate change on the freshwater ecosystems of the New England/mid-Atlantic region. Water Resources 11: 925-947.
• Jaworski, N. A. , R. W. Howarth. 1996. Preliminary estimates of the pollutant loads and fluxes into the northeast shelf LME. Pages 351-357 in K. Sherman, N. A. Jaworski , T. J. Smayda (eds.), The Northeast Shelf Ecosystem: Assessment, Sustainability, and Management. Blackwell, Cambridge, MA.
• Howarth, R. W., G. Billen, D. Swaney, A. Townsend, N. Jarworski, K. Lajtha, J. A. Downing, R. Elmgren, N. Caraco, T. Jordan, F. Berendse, J. Freney, V. Kueyarov, P. Murdoch , Zhu Zhao-liang. 1996. Riverine inputs of nitrogen to the North Atlantic Ocean: Fluxes and human influences. Biogeochemistry 35: 75-139.
• Galloway, J., R. W. Howarth, J. Prospero, S. Nixon , A. Michaels. 1996. Summary of the nitrogen cycle for the North Atlantic Ocean and its watersheds and airshed. Biogeochemistry 35: 3-25.
• Howarth, R. W. (ed.). 1996. Nitrogen Cycling in the North Atlantic Ocean and its Wastersheds. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht. 304 pages.
• Howarth, R. W., R. Schneider , D. Swaney. 1996. Metabolism and organic carbon fluxes in the tidal, freshwater Hudson River. Estuaries 19: 848-865.
• Swaney, D. P., D. Sherman , R. W. Howarth. 1996. Modeling water, sediment, and organic carbon discharges in the Hudson-Mohawk Basin: Coupling to terrestrial sources. Estuaries 19: 833-847.
• Howarth, R. W., H. Jensen, R. Marino , H. Postma. 1995. Transport to and processing of phosphorus in near-shore and oceanic waters. Pages 323-345 in H. Tiessen (ed.), Phosphorus in the Global Environment, SCOPE #54. Wiley , Sons, Chichester.
• Fisher, T. R., J. M. Melack, J. U. Grobbelaar , R. W. Howarth. 1995. Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton and eutrophication of inland, estuarine, and marine waters. Pages 301-322 in H. Tiessen (ed.), Phosphorus in the Global Environment, SCOPE #54. Wiley , Sons, Chichester.
• Howarth, R. W., D. Swaney, R. Marino, T. Butler , C. R. Chu. 1995. Turbulence does not prevent nitrogen fixation by plankton in estuaries and coastal seas (reply to the comment of Paerl et al.). Limnol. Oceanogr. 40: 639-643.
• McGlathery, K. J., R. Marino , R. W. Howarth. 1994. Variable rates of phosphate uptake by shallow marine sediments: Mechanisms and ecological significance. Biogeochemistry 25: 127-146.
• Schaffner, W. R., N. G. Hairston, Jr. , R. W. Howarth. 1994. Feeding rates and filament clipping by crustacean zooplankton consuming cyanobacteria. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 25: 2375-2381.
• Howarth, R. W. 1993. Microbial processes in salt-marsh sediments. Pages 239-259 in T. E. Ford (ed.), Aquatic Microbiology: An Ecological Approach. Blackwell, Oxford.
• Howarth, R. W. 1993. The role of nutrients in Coastal Waters. Appendix A in: Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas (pp. 137-158). Report of the Committee on Alternatives for Wastewater Management in Coastal Urban Areas, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
• Cole, J. J., J. M. Lane, R. Marino , R. Howarth. 1993. Molybdenum assimilation by cyanobacteria and phytoplankton in freshwater and salt waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38: 25-35.
• Howarth, R. W. 1993. River sciences: A review of the rivers handbook, vol. a, hydrological and ecological principles. BioScience 43: 17-21.
• Howarth, R. W., T. Butler, K. Lunde, D. Swaney , C. R. Chu. 1993. Turbulence and planktonic nitrogen fixation: A mesocosm experiment. Limnol Oceanogr. 38: 1696-1711.
• Marino, R. , R. W. Howarth. 1993. Atmospheric oxygen exchange in the Hudson River: Dome measurements and comparison with other natural waters. Estuaries 16: 433-445.
• Howarth, R. W. , J. W. B. Stewart. 1992. The interactions of sulphur with other element cycles. Pages 67-79 in: R. W. Howarth, J. W. B. Stewart, and M. V. Ivanov (eds), Sulphur Cycling on the Continents: Wetlands, Terrestrial Ecosystems, and Associated Water Bodies. SCOPE #48. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, U.K.
• Howarth, R.W., J. W. B. Stewart, and M. V. Ivanov (editors). 1992. Sulphur Cycling on the Continents: Wetlands, Terrestrial Ecosystems, and Associated Water Bodies. SCOPE #48. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, U.K. 350 pages.
• McGlathery, K. J., R. W. Howarth , R. Marino. 1992. Nutrient limitation of the macroalga, Penicillus capitatus, associated with subtropical seagrass meadows in Bermuda. Estuaries 15: 18-25.
• Howarth, R. W. 1992. Indirect effects of sulfur on the carbon cycle of aquatic ecosystems: Molybdenum availability, planktonic nitrogen fixation, and nitrogen limitation. In E. T . Degens, S. Kempe, A. Lein, and Y. Soroken, (eds.) Interactions of Biogeochemical Cycles in Aqueous Ecosystems. Proceedings of SCOPE/UNEP workshop at Listvyanka/Irkutsk, USSR, September 2-8, 1988. University of Hamburg.
• Giblin, A. E., G. E. Likens , R. W. Howarth. 1992. The importance of reduced inorganic sulfur to the sulfur cycle of lakes. In E. T. Degens, S. Kempe, A. Lein, and Y. Soroken, (eds.) Interactions of Biogeochemical Cycles in Aqueous Ecosystems. Proceedings of SCOPE/UNEP workshop at Listvyanka/Irkutsk, USSR, September 2-8, 1988. University of Hamburg.
• Howarth, R. W., R. Marino, R. Garritt , D. Sherman. 1992. Ecosystem respiration in a large, tidally influenced river: The Hudson River. Biogeochemistry 16: 83-102.
• Vitousek, P. M. , R. W. Howarth. 1991. Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea. How can it occur? Biogeochemistry 13: 87-115.
• Howarth, R. W. , R.Marino. 1991. Oil and water-- a bad mix. Pages 40-53 in: Science Year. World Book Encyclopedia, Chicago.
• Howarth, R. W., J. R. Fruci , D. M. Sherman. 1991. Inputs of sediment and carbon to an estuarine ecosystem: Influence of land use. Ecological Applications 1: 27-39.
• Kitchell, J. F., S. R. Carpenter, S. Bayley, K. C. Ewel, R. W. Howarth, S. W. Nixon , D. W. Schindler. 1991. Aquatic ecosystem experiments in the context of global climate change: working group report. In: H. Mooney et al. (eds.), Ecosystem Experiments. SCOPE, John Wiley and Sons, Chinchester, U.K.
• Howarth, R. W. 1991. Assessing the ecological effects of oil pollution from outer continental shelf oil development. Tran. of American Fisheries Society 11: 1-8.
• Howarth, R. W. 1991. Comparative responses of aquatic ecosystems to toxic chemical stress. Pages 169-195 in: J. Cole, G. Lovett, and S. Findlay (eds.), Comparative Analyses of Ecosystems: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Theories. Springer-Verlag, NY.
• Morin, A., K. D. Hambright, N. G. Hairston, Jr., D. M. Sherman , R. W. Howarth. 1991. Consumer control of gross primary production in replicate freshwater ponds. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 24: 1512-1516.
• Howarth, R. W. , R. Marino. 1991. Oil in the Oceans. Greenpeace, London.
• Giblin, A. E., G. E. Likens, G. E. , R. W. Howarth. 1991. Reply to the comments by Robert Stauffer on "Sulfur storage and alkalinity generation in New England lake sediments" by Giblin et al. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36: 1265.
• Muramoto, J., S. Honjo, B. Fry, J. Hay, R. Howarth , J. Cisne. 1991. Sulfur, iron, and organic carbon fluxes in the Black Sea: Sulfur isotopic evidence for origin of sulfur fluxes. Deep Sea Research 38: S1151-S1187.
• Giblin, A. E., G. E. Likens, D. White , R. W. Howarth. 1990. Sulfur storage and alkalinity generation in New England lake sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35: 852-869.
• Marino, R., R.W. Howarth, J. Shamess , E.E. Prepas. 1990. Molybdenum and sulfate as controls on the abundance of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in saline lakes in Alberta. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35: 245-259
• Howarth, R. W. , R. Marino. 1990. Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in the plankton of lakes and estuaries: A reply to the comment by Smith. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35: 1859-1863.
• Howarth, R. W., J. Boreman, G. Colvin, C. Decker, S. Findlay, J., Levinton, R. Malouf, J. Waldman , P Woodhead. 1990. Report of the working group on "ecosystems and fisheries". Pages. 24-37 in: A Research Program for the Hudson River Estuary. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. No. 3-1990.
• Howarth, R. W. 1989. Determining the ecological effects of oil pollution in marine ecosystems. In S. A. Levin, M. A. Harwell, J. R. Kelly, and K. D. Kimball, (eds.) Problems in Ecotoxicology. Springer-Verlag, New York.
• Howarth, R. W., R. Marino, J. Lane , J. J. Cole. 1988. Nitrogen fixation in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. l. Rates and importance. Limnol. Oceanogr. 33: 669-687.
• Howarth, R. W., R. Marino , J. J. Cole. 1988. Nitrogen fixation in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. 2. Biogeochemical controls. Limnol. Oceanogr. 33: 688-701.
• Lodge, D. M., J. W. Barko, D. Strayer, R. W. Howarth, J. Melack, B. Menge, G. G. Mittelbach , J. E. Titus. 1988. Spatial heterogeneity in lake communities: the benthos and habitat interactions. Page 181-208 in S. R. Carpenter (ed.), Complex Interactions in Lake Communities. Springer-Verlag, New York.
• Howarth, R. W. 1988. Nutrient limitation of net primary production in marine ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology , Systematics 19: 89-110.
• Novelli, P. C., A. R. Michelson, M. J. Scranton, G. T. Banta, J. E. Hobbie , R. W. Howarth. 1988. Hydrogen and acetate cycling in two sulfate reducing sediments: Buzzards Bay and Town Cove, Massachusetts. Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta 52: 2477-2486.
• Peterson, B. J. , R. W. Howarth. 1987. Sulfur, carbon and nitrogen isotopes used to trace organic matter flow in the salt marsh estuaries of Sapelo Island, Georgia. Limnol. Oceanogr. 22: 1195-1213.
• Gallagher, J. L., R. W. Howarth. 1987. Seasonal differences in Spartina recoverable underground reserves in the Great Sippewissett Marsh in Massachusetts. Estuarine, Coastal , Shelf Science 25: 313-319.
• Howarth, R. W. 1097. Potential impacts of petroleum on the biotic resources of Georges Bank. In R. Backus (ed.), An Atlas of Georges Bank. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, MA.
• Luther, G. W., T. M. Church, A. E. Giblin , R. W. Howarth. 1986. Speciation of dissolved sulfur in salt marshes by polarographic methods. Pages 340-355 in M. Sohn (ed.), Organic Marine Geochemistry. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
• Peterson, B. J., R. W. Howarth, R. H. Garritt. 1986. Sulfur and carbon isotopes as tracers of salt-marsh organic matter flow. Ecology 67: 865-874.
• Whelan, J. K., R. Oremland, M. Tarata, R. Smith, R. Howarth, C. Lee. 1986. Evidence for sulfate reducing and methane producing microorganisms in sediments from sites 618, 619, and 622. Reports of the Deep-Sea Drilling Project.
• Cole, J. J., R. W. Howarth, S. S. Nolan, R. Marino. 1986. Sulfate inhibition of molybdate assimilation by planktonic algae and bacteria: some implications for the aquatic nitrogen cycle. Biogeochemistry 2: 179-196.
• Peterson, B. J., R. W. Howarth, R. H. Garritt. 1986. Multiple stable isotopes used to trace the flow of organic matter in estuarine food webs. Science 227: 1361-1363.
• Rowe, G., R. W. Howarth. 1985. Early diagenesis of organic matter in sediments off the coast of Peru. Deep-Sea Res. 32: 43-55.
• Howarth, R. W., J. J. Cole. 1985. Molybdenum availability, nitrogen limitation, and phytoplankton growth in natural waters. Science 229: 653-655.
• Giblin, A., R. W. Howarth. 1984. Pore water evidence for a dynamic sedimentary iron cycle in salt marshes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 29: 47-63.
• Howarth, R. W. 1984. The ecological significance of sulfur in the energy dynamics of salt marsh and marine sediments. Biogeochemistry 1: 5-27.
• Howarth, R. W. 1984. Global sulfur budgets, a review of ,quot;The Global Biogeochemical Sulfur Cycle, SCOPE 19, M. B. Ivanov , J. R. Freney (eds.),quot; Ecology 65: 1336.
• Howarth, R. W., B. B. Jorgensen. 1984. Formation of 35S-labelled elemental sulfur and pyrite in coastal marine sediments (Limfjorden and Kysing Fjord, Denmark) during short-term 35SO42- reduction measurements. Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta 48: 1807-1818.
• Howarth, R. W., R. Marino. 1984. Sulfate reduction in salt marshes, with some comparisons to sulfate reduction in microbial mats. Pages 245-263 in Y. Cohen, R. W. Castenholz, H. O. Halvorson (eds.), Microbial Mats: Stromatolites. Alan R. Liss, Inc., NY.
• Howarth, R. W., S. Merkel. 1984. Pyrite formation and the measurement of sulfate reduction in salt marsh sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 29: 598-608.
• Teal, J. M., R. W. Howarth. 1984. Oil spill studies: a review of ecological effects. Environmental Management 8: 27-44.
• Howarth, R. W., A. Giblin. 1984. Sulfate reduction in the salt marshes at Sapelo Island, Georgia. Limnol. Oceanogr. 28: 70-82.
• Howarth, R. W., A. Giblin, J. Gale, B. J. Peterson, G. W. Luther. 1984. Reduced sulfur compounds in the pore waters of a New England salt marsh. Ecol. Bull. (Stockholm) 35: 135-152.
• Peterson, B. J., P. A. Steudler, R. W. Howarth, A. I. Friedlander, D. Juers, F. P. Bowles. 1984. Tidal export of reduced sulfur from a salt marsh ecosystem. Ecol. Bull. (Stockholm) 35: 153-165.
• Howarth, R. W. 1982. Debunking the myth of the "inexhaustible" ocean, a review of " The Oceans: Our Last Resource" by W. Marx. Technolology Review 85: 85-86.
• Howarth, R. W., J. E. Hobbie. 1982. The regulation of decomposition and heterotrophic microbial activity in salt marsh soils. Pages 183-207 in V. S. Kennedy (ed.), Estuarine Comparisons. Academic Press, NY.
• Luther, G. W., A. Giblin, R. W. Howarth, R. A. Ryans. 1982. Pyrite and oxidized iron mineral phases in salt marsh and estuarine sediments. Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta 46: 2665-2669.
• Valiela, I., B. L. Howes, R. W. Howarth, A. Giblin, K. Foreman, J. M. Teal, J. E. Hobbie. 1982. The regulation of primary production and decomposition in a salt marsh ecosystem. Pages 151-168 in B. Gopal, R. E. Turner, R. G. Wetzel, D. F. Whigham (eds.), Wetlands: Ecology and Management. Proceedings of First International Wetlands Conference, New Delhi, India.
• Howarth, R. W. 1981. Fish versus fuel: a slippery quandary. Technology Review 83: 68-77.
• Howarth, R. W. 1981. Oil and fish: can they coexist? Pages 49-72 in Coast Alert: Scientists Speak Out. Friends of the Earth Publishers, San Francisco.
• Howes, B. L., R. W. Howarth, J. M. Teal, I. Valiela. 1981. Oxidation-reduction potentials in a salt marsh: 1. Spatial patterns and interactions with primary production. Limnol. Oceanogr. 26: 350-360.
• Teal, J. M., R. W. Howarth. 1981. Biological effects of oil spills. Background paper, NAS Panel on Petroleum in the Marine Environment. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
• Howarth, R. W., J. M. Teal. 1980. Energy flow in a salt marsh ecosystem: the role of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds. American Naturalist 116: 862-872.
• Lee, C. L., R. W. Howarth, B. L. Howes. 1980. Sterols in decomposing Spartina alterniflora and the use of ergosterol in estimating the contribution of fungi to detrital nitrogen. Limnol. Oceanogr. 25: 290-303.
• Peterson, B. J., R. W. Howarth, F. Lipshultz, D. Ashendorf. 1980. Salt marsh detritus: an alternative interpretation of stable carbon isotope ratios and the fate of Spartina alterniflora. Oikos 34: 173-177.
• Howarth, R. W. 1979. The role of sulfur in salt marsh metabolism. Ph.D. thesis, MIT/WHOI Joint Program (SeaGrant publ. #WHOI 79-39).
• Howarth, R. W. 1979. Pyrite: its rapid formation in a salt marsh and its importance to ecosystem metabolism. Science 203: 49-51.
• Howarth, R. W., J. M. Teal. 1979. Sulfate reduction in a New England salt marsh. Limnol. Oceanogr. 24: 999-1013.
• Hall, C. A. S., R. W. Howarth, B. Moore, C. J. Vorosmarty. 1978. Environmental impacts of industrial energy systems in the coastal zone. Annual Review of Energy 3: 395-475.
• Howarth, R. W. 1978. A rapid and precise method for determining sulfate in seawater, estuarine waters, and sediment pore waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 23: 1066-1069.
• Howarth, Robert W., C.A.S. Hall. 1978. What Do You Want to Do With Your Last 27,000 Gallons of Oil? Human Ecology Forum. 8: 2-5.
• Connor, M. S., R.W. Howarth. 1977. Potential effects of oil production on Georges Bank communities: A review of the draft environmental impact statement of outer continental shelf oil and gas lease sale no. 42. SeaGrant publ. #WHOI 77-1.
• Howarth, R. W., S. G. Fisher. 1976. The dynamics of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus during leaf decomposition in stream micro-ecosystems. Freshwater Biol. 6: 221-228.
• Whitney, D., G. M. Woodwell, R. W. Howarth. 1975. Nitrogen fixation in Flax Pond, a Long Island salt marsh. Limnol. Oceanogr. 20: 640-643.

Our research is focused on:

1. the role of biogeochemical cycles and physical processes in structuring coastal marine ecosystems;
2. human perturbations of biogeochemical cycles, particularly nitrogen and carbon, at the ecosystem, regional, and global scales.

We aim to address fundamental ecological questions and to contribute to practical issues of environmental management including, though not limited to, global climate change and nutrient pollution. For instance, our work on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fluxes to freshwater and estuarine systems explores fundamental differences on controls on N and P cycles as well as contributes to improved management of coastal eutrophication resulting from such inputs.

Projects

Click on the title of the project of interest or use keyboard arrows to display a brief description and link to the project home page.

CERF 2011

Swaney et al. Assessment of regional variation of drivers of watershed nitrogen export to coastal waters using SPARROW and NANI

Butler et al Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to the Upper Susquehanna Watershed with Special Reference to Ammonia

Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future

2009 Biofuels: environmental consequences and interactions with changing land use

2011 Methane production related to shale gas life-cycle: environmental and economic implications

Lab Staff

Dennis Swaney,
Coordinator of Modeling
E311 Corson Hall
Link to CV here
E-mail: dps1@cornell.edu
Office:(607) 255-3572

I am lead mathematical modeler of environmental systems in the lab. My recent work focuses on nutrient accounting in large watersheds and the relationship of NANI (Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs) to riverine nitrogen fluxes. Other research has included developing methods of estimating ecosystem metabolism in estuaries, modelling nutrient transport through watersheds to the coast, and modelling ecological responses of watersheds and coastal ecosystems to climate and land use changes. Additionally, I am interested in the general problem of transport processes and dispersal in the environment.

I have served on the Scientific Steering Committee of the LOICZ (Land Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone) program of the IGBP since 2005, and have been involved with developing biogeochemical budgets of coastal systems in the Baltic and elsewhere. I continue to work with new applications of biogeochemical budgets and nutrient accounting methodologies, and the development of quantitative methods to evaluate human impacts on coastal systems and their watersheds.

NANI webpage

LOICZ webpage

LOICZ Biogeochemical Budgets webpage

Tom Butler,
Visiting Fellow
Institute of Ecosystem Studies
211 Rice Hall
E-mail: tjb2@cornell.edu
Office:(607) 255-3580

I am a visiting fellow at Cornell and Site Manager for the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies (in Millbrook NY). I have maintained and operated a NADP/Airmon rainfall chemistry site that has been in operation for over 35 years and at the same location and a CASTNET Dry Deposition site since 1987. Both the wet and dry deposition sites have some of the longest records in precipitation chemistry, dry deposition and air quality in the US.

I have been affiliated with the Howarth Lab since its inception at Cornell. The impact of changing emissions on trends in atmospheric depostion and air quality (SO2 and NOx emissions and their deposition products, as well as mercury and ozone) has been a major focus of my work. Currently I am focused on quantifying the importance of ammonia emissions and deposition as part of the total N input to areas of the eastern US. Past work has also included metabolism and biogeochemistry of estuarine ecosystems.

data pages:
NADP/Airmon NY67 data
CASTNET Connecticut Hill site

Renee Santoro,
Research Aide
Ecology & Evol. Bio.
E301 Corson Halll
E-mail: rls75@cornell.edu
Office:(607) 255-2013

I graduated from Cornell in 2006 with a Bachelor of Science and returned in 2007 to assist with the International SCOPE Biofuels Project. My recent work has mainly focused on upstream GHG analysis of unconventional gas, notably the development of Marcellus shale gas.

Bongghi Hong,
Research Associate
Ecology & Evol Biology
103 Little Rice
Link to CV here
E-mail: bh43@cornell.edu
Office: (607) 255-1502

I have a PhD in the Field of Environmental Toxicology at Cornell University (Ecotoxicology Concentration). Recent work emphasizes development of a set of tools for calculating Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs (NANI) and its application to the US and Baltic Sea catchments.

Additional research interests include:

• integrated assessment linking socio-economic activities, land use change, and stream ecosystem health
• Uncertainty estimation, especially Bayesian parameter estimation technique
• Modeling hydrology and nutrient fluxes in forested, agricultural, and urbanized watersheds
• Spatial modeling and spatial analysis

Christine Costello,
Post Doctorate Associate
Ecology & Evol Biology
E301 Corson Hall
Link to CV here
E-mail: cc2255@cornell.edu
Office:(607) 255-2013

I received a B.S. in Environmental Engineering Technology from Temple University and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Civil and Environmental Engineering from Carnegie Mellon University.

Research interests include:

• Assessing environmental impacts associated with anthropogenic land use
• Reducing uncertainty and incorporating temporally and spatially explicit data into life cycle analyses
• Life cycle analysis of nutrient cycling; particularly how consumer choice impacts the flow of nutrients in the environment, e.g., demand for biofuels and dietary choices
• Assessing the scalability of low-impact agricultural options, e.g., intercropping, organic systems
• Using environmentally extended input-output modeling to better understand the translocation of environmental impacts as a result of regional and global trade

Graduate Students

Past Graduates

Neil D. Bettez

Ph.D., 2009
Postdoctoral Associate, Cary Institute of Ecosystems Studies
web site

Gretchen M. Gettel

Ph.D., 2006
Lecturer, UNESCO-IHE,
Institute for Water Education

Francis Chan

Assistant Research Professor, Oregon State Univ.
profile

William V. Sobczak

Ph.D., 1999
Associate Professor, Holy Cross
web site

Tim Crews

Ph.D., 1993
Faculty, Prescott College
web site

Karen J. McGlathery

Ph.D. 1992
Professor, University of Virginia
web site

Melanie Hayn,
Research Aide/ Masters candidate (NTRES)
Ecosystems Center
7 MBL Street
Woods Hole, MA 02543
E-mail: mkh23@cornell.edu

I graduated in 2004 with an undergrad degree in Science of Earth Systems, concentrating in Biogeochemistry. I'm currently working on my masters in Natural Resources, and am interested in how human activities impact the landscape in the coastal zone. In particular, I'm interested in using spatial statistics and GIS in conjunction with traditional chemical and physical data to study whole-system effects of nutrient enrichment on water quality and nutrient cycling dynamics of estuarine and near-shore ecosystems.

Nathalie Neal
Masters candidate
Crop & Soil Sci (CSS)
E-mail: nln23@cornell.edu